Genocide Phases and Coping Phases
Eight Stages of GenocideBy Gregory H. Stanton (Originally written in 1996 at the Department of State; presented at the Yale University Center for International and Area Studies in 1998)
Genocide is a process that develops in eight stages that are predictable but not inexorable. At each stage, preventive measures can stop it. The later stages must be preceded by the earlier stages, though earlier stages continue to operate throughout the process.
The eight stages of genocide are:
Classification
Symbolization
Dehumanization
Organization
Polarization
Preparation
Extermination
Denial
UNITED NATIONS 58TH ANNUAL DPI/NGO CONFERENCE
OUR CHALLENGE: VOICES FOR PEACE, PARTNERSHIP & RENEWAL
UN New York 7-9 September 2005
Eight Stages of Healing from Mass Traum
By Ani Kalayjian (Forgiveness & Transcendence)
1. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
2. VALIDATION
3. JUSTICE AND REPARATION
4. FACING FEAR, ANGER, SHAME, & HUMILIATION
5. FACING DENIAL AND REVISIONISM
6. ACCEPTANCE AND FORGIVENESS
7. DESCOVERY OF NEW MEANING
8. LESSONS LEARNED & CLOSURE
"Last week, I stated this woman was the ugliest woman I had ever seen. I have since been visited by her sister, and now wish to withdraw that statement."
